How does the usb interface connector realize hot plugging?

When you unplug your computer's USB flash drive, will you click "Click here to eject the device" in the lower right corner? Or should it be pulled out directly? In fact, the action of directly pulling out the USB flash drive is a typical hot swap. Hot plugging is the operation of inserting (connecting) or unplugging (disconnecting) certain components without turning off the power. However, hot plugging or unplugging can easily cause a large current to be generated instantly when plugging or unplugging, which may burn a certain accessory. Therefore, not all devices support hot swapping.

Whether to support hot swap is mainly determined by the interface design. For example, there are four golden fingers inside the USB2.0 data line interface, two of which are longer on the outside, and their function is to supply power, that is, the power cord; the two on the inside are shorter and are responsible for data transmission, that is, the data line. When we install a USB device, due to the different lengths of the gold fingers inside the USB interface port, when the device is inserted, the outer power cord is connected first to supply power to the device, and the middle data line can exchange data when it is powered on; On the contrary, when the device is unplugged, the data transmission is disconnected first to ensure that the data will not be lost due to power failure, and then the power supply of the device is cut off. In this way, it can be ensured that the computer system and the USB device will not be affected in any way during the plugging process, so as to realize the hot plugging function.

At the same time, most of the interfaces that support hot swap, such as SATA hard disk interface, HDMI and DP video interface, are designed to support hot swap by designing different pin lengths. But many cheap wire interfaces may not take these details into consideration. If the quality is not up to standard, the data will still be easily damaged during hot swapping. Therefore, devices with important data must be ejected from the system before plugging or unplugging.

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